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Forum » Test category » Test forum » Sports events (Winter Olympic Sports and Events)
Sports events
sokoludaDate: Tuesday, 14.01.2014, 19:03 | Message # 1
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The 15 sports of the Winter Olympics are categorized into three main categories: (1) ice sports, (2) alpine, skiing and snowboarding events, and (3) Nordic events. In each of these sports categories there are more specific events as listed.
 
LebedDate: Sunday, 19.01.2014, 16:06 | Message # 2
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Snowboarding was developed in the United States in the 1960s and became a winter olympic
sport in 1998. Snowboarding is a winter sport that involves descending a slope that is covered with snow while standing on a board attached to a rider's feet, using a special boot set into a mounted binding.
Since snowboarding's inception as an established winter sport, it has developed various styles, each with its own specialized equipment and technique. The most common styles today are: freeride, freestyle, and freecarve/race. These styles are used for both recreational and professional snowboarding. While each style is unique, there is overlap between them.

At the XXI Olympic Winter Games in 2010 in Vancouver (Canada) Russian athlete Ekaterina Ilyuhina won silver in the parallel giant slalom. 

Это общие слова о спорте, должно быть больше информации о нем как олимпийском виде спорта
 
RaslomanDate: Sunday, 19.01.2014, 19:48 | Message # 3
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Cross-country skiing is a form of ski touring in which participants propel themselves across snow-covered terrain using skis and poles. The modern events in which athletes compete in at Olympics are (distances presented in Female/Male format): 1 km Sprint, 2X1 km Team Sprint, 10 km/15 km Individual Start, 15 km/30 km Pursuit, 30 km/50 km Mass Start, and 4x5 km/4x10 km Relay. It has been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since the first Winter Games in 1924 in Chamonix, France. The women's events were first contested at the 1952 Winter Olympics. The first Olympic champion in the history of women's ski race (in 1956 in Squaw Valley) was a Soviet athlete Lubov Baranova.

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serochenkovaDate: Sunday, 19.01.2014, 19:56 | Message # 4
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Skating
Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in traveling a certain distance on skates.
It became the part of the Olympic programme in 1924, women compete in this kind of sport since 1960 Olympic Games.
Rules
Short track
All races are run counter-clockwise on a 111m track. If a skater passes inside the track, he or she is disqualified. The lead skater has right-of-way. A skater can be disqualified if they cross the track of another skater by cutting off another skater while changing his or her own lane. After two false starts, the skater is disqualified. A disqualified athlete will be given the last place in their heat or final. A skater can be disqualified if he or she deliberately impedes another skater's way to slow the skater down.
Long track
All races are run counter-clockwise. In all individual competition forms, only two skaters are allowed to race at once, and must remain in their respective lanes. Skaters must change lanes every lap. The skater changing from the outside lane to the inside has right-of-way. In the only non-individual competition form, the team pursuit, two teams of each three skaters are allowed to race at once. Both teams remain in the inner lane for the duration of the race; they start on opposite sides of the rink.
Champions
Alexander V. Golubev  Olympic champion in Lillehammer (1994)Svetlana Zhurova Olympic champion in Turin (2006)
Silver medalists
Svetlana V. Bazhanov champion Olympic Games in Lillehammer (1994)
Dmitry Anatolyevich Dorofeev
Olympic silver medalist in Turin (2006)
Sergey K. Klevchenya
Two-time Olympic medalist in Lillehammer (1994)
Ivan Skobrev  Two-time Olympic medalist
Games in Vancouver (2010)
Svetlana Fedotkina
Silver medalist at the Olympic Games in Lillehammer (1994)
Bronze medalists
Catherine K. Abramov
Bronze medalist at the Olympic Games in Turin (2006)
Svetlana Vysokova
Bronze medalist at the Olympic Games in Turin (2006)
Galina Likhachev
Bronze medalist at the Olympic Games in Turin (2006)
Ekaterina Lobysheva
Bronze medalist at the Olympic Games in Turin (2006)

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zverevDate: Sunday, 19.01.2014, 20:42 | Message # 5
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Ice hockey is a team sport.

Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France.

Ice hockey is played on a hockey rink. During normal play, there are six players per side on the
ice at any time, one of them being the goaltender, each of whom is on ice skates. The objective of the game is to score goals by shooting the puck into the opponent's goal net, which is placed at the opposite end of the rink. The players may control the puck using a long stick with a blade that is commonly curved at one end.

The five players other than the goaltender are typically divided into three forwards and two
defencemen.

The national hockey team of Russia at the last two Olympics did not achieve high results (4th and 6th
place in 2006 and 2010) but there are many outstanding players like Pavel Datsyuk,
Evgeni Malkin, Ilya Kovalchuk, Alexander Ovechkin, Alexander Radulov and Alexei
Tereshchenko.


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nikitaRRDate: Sunday, 19.01.2014, 20:49 | Message # 6
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Ski jumping is a sport in which skiers go down on the take-off springboard jumping and trying to land farther down the slope below. Judges give points for style. Skis used for ski jumping are wide and long. Ski jumping is mostly winter sport and is a part of the Olympic Winter Games since the first Games in Chamonix-Mont-Blanc in 1924.The Large Hill competition was included on the Olympic programme for the 1964 Olympic Games in Innsbruck. 

Individual Olympic competition consists of a training jump and two scored jumps. The team event consists of four members of the same nation, who each jump twice.

The International Ski Federation decided to submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to allow women to compete at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. On 28 November 2006, the proposal for a women's ski jumping event was rejected by the Executive Board of the IOC. A group of 15 competitive female ski jumpers filed a suit against the Vancouver Organizing Committee (VANOC) saying that conducting a men's ski jumping event without a women's event in the Vancouver Winter Olympics in 2010 would be in direct violation of Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

On 6 April 2011 the International Olympic Committee officially accepted women ski jumping into the official Olympic program for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia.

Within twelve months, eight female top athletes suffered serious knee injuries and thus had to withdraw for long recovery periods, putting their good chances at the Olympics in Sochi at risk. Female ski jumpers need a longer approach than their male colleagues to make up for their light weight and to reach the necessary speed. Due to their light weight, however, female jumpers reach distances which are not below those of male jumpers. In media reports, it is argued that this might physiologically overburden the knee of female jumpers.

ОТРЕДАКТИРОВАНО

 
NikitaDate: Sunday, 19.01.2014, 21:51 | Message # 7
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Biathlon debuted at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley with the men's 20 km individual event. At the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, the men's 4×7.5 km relay debuted, followed by the 10 km sprint event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.

Beginning at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, women's biathlon debuted with the 15 km individual, 3×7.5 km relay (4×7.5 km during 1994-2002, and 4×6 km in 2006), and 7.5 km sprint. A pursuit race (12.5 km for men and 10 km for women) was included at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. The top 60 finishers of the sprint race (10 km for men and 7.5 km for women) would qualify for the pursuit event. The sprint winner starts the race, followed by each successive biathlete at the same time interval he/she trailed the sprint winner in that event. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, a mass start (15 km for men and 12.5 km for women) was introduced where the top 30 biathletes from the previous four events were allowed to start together for the competition.

The Russian Olympic Team has won 9 gold, 4 silver, 7 bronze medals.

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ZhemerikinaDate: Sunday, 19.01.2014, 22:07 | Message # 8
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Figure skating is a sport and activity in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice.

The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The four disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating and ice dancing will also appear as part of a team event for the first time at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

In singles competition for men and women individual skaters perform jumps, spins, step sequences, spirals, and other elements in their programs.

The basic idea in pair figure skating is for the couples to act in unison  on ice
with variable slip and perform additional elements such as jumps, spirals,
rotations, supports under music. Important critetion for the pair figure
skating is the synchronicity of performance elements. Major challenge for athletes is
to demonstrate ownership of elements so as to create the impression of unity of
action.

Ice dancing is again for couples consisting of a woman and a man skating together. Ice dance differs from pairs in focusing on intricate footwork performed in close dance holds, in time with the music. Ice dance lifts must not go above the shoulder.

First this sport was included in programme of the Summer Olympic Games in
London in 1908.

The champions:
Gordeeva Ekaterina/Grin’kovSergey – 1994
KazakovaOksana/Dmitriev Artur – 1998
BerezhnayaElena/Sicharulidze Anton – 2002
Tot’myaninaTatiana/Marinin Maksim – 2006

нужно уточнить чемпионами какого вида являются эти спортсмены и включить чемпионов-одиночек
 
dmityberezinDate: Monday, 20.01.2014, 15:20 | Message # 9
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Skeleton is a fast winter sliding sport in which an individual person rides a small sled down a frozen track while lying face down, during which athletes experience forces up to 5g.
The International Olympic Committee declared skeleton as Olympic sports and adopted the rules of the St. Moritz run as the officially recognized Olympic rules. It was not until 2002, however, that skeleton itself was added permanently to the Olympic program with the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Olympic skeleton competition lasts for two days. Each athlete commits to 4-in. The winner is the one whose total time is minimal.

In 2002, the women's team favorite Ekaterina Mironova took 7th place at the Olympics in Salt Lake City.

Popularity in the sport has grown since the 2002 Winter Olympics and now includes participation by some countries that do not have or cannot have a track because of climate, terrain or monetary limitations. Athletes from such countries as Australia, New Zealand, Bermuda, South Africa, Argentina, Iraq, Israel, Mexico, Brazil and even the Virgin Islands have become involved with the sport in recent years. However, the FIBT narrows the field greatly and only a few dozen countries compete in the Olympic Games.

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serochenkovaDate: Monday, 20.01.2014, 20:50 | Message # 10
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Luge
Luge  is the Olympic winter sport. It is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds face up and feet-first. Of the three Olympic sliding sports, which include bobsleigh and skeleton, luge is the fastest and most dangerous. Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km per hour (87 mph). One athlete, Manuel Pfister of Austria, reached a top speed of 154 km per hour (95.69 mph) on thetrack in Whistler, Canada prior to the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics.

Street luge is a recent innovation of the sport. It is considered an extreme sport, as well as an Olympic sport.

The competitions are run on two types of tracks: artificial tracks
and natural tracks.

Artificial luge tracks have specially-designed and -constructed banked curves plus walled-in straights.
Natural tracks are adapted from existing mountain roads and paths. Artificially banked curves are not permitted. The track's surface must be horizontal. They are naturally iced. The use of artificial refrigeration is forbidden. 

Most of the tracks are situated in Austria and Italy, with others in Germany, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Canada, and the United States.
There are four luge disciplines.
  • Men's singles
  • Men's doubles
  • Women's singles
  • Team Relay (Olympic discipline starting in 2014)

Russian luge team has won 2 silver and 2 bronze medals.

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PryanickDate: Wednesday, 22.01.2014, 19:03 | Message # 11
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Ice hockey at the Olympic Games

Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's
tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred
permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's
tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics.

Ice hockey is a team sport played on ice in which skaters use sticks to shoot a hard
rubber hockey puck into their opponent's net to score points. A team usually
consists of four lines of three forwards, three pairs of defensemen, and two
goalies. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take the
puck and score a goal against the opposing team. Each team has a goaltender who
tries to stop the puck from going into the goal.

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JuliaDate: Wednesday, 22.01.2014, 22:38 | Message # 12
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Biathlon

Biathlon is any sporting event made up of two disciplines. However, biathlon usually refers specifically to the winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting. Biathlon debuted at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley with the men's 20 km individual event.
Prior to the biathlon debut at the 1960 Winter Olympics, there was a military patrol event that was held at four Winter Olympic Games: 1924, 1928, 1936, and1948. Medals were awarded for military patrol in 1924, but it was a demonstration event for the other three Games.
Outstanding personalities
Klas Lestander (born April 18, 1931 in Arjeplog) is a Swedish biathlete and Olympic champion. He won a gold medal at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. Ole Einar Bjørndalen (born 27 January 1974) is a Norwegian professional biathlete. He is often regarded as one of the greatest athletes of all time.

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Edgar87Date: Thursday, 23.01.2014, 07:37 | Message # 13
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Skeleton was introduced at the 1928 Winter Olympics. Dropped from the 1932 and 1936 Winter
Olympics program, skeleton returned to the Olympics again in St. Moritz, at the
1948 Winter Games. Following a 54-year absence from the Winter Games program,
skeleton was reinstated as a medal sport at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt
Lake City, featuring an event for men and women.
Skeleton is a fast winter sliding sport in which an individual person rides a small sled
down a frozen track while lying face down. The sport was named when someone
commented that a new metal sled, first used in 1892, resembled a skeleton.
In 2008 Russian skeletonist Alexander Tretyakov at the World Cup in Igls established
track record and won the silver medal.
Martins Dukurs is a Latvian skeleton racer who has competed since 1998. He won silver at the 2010 Winter Olympics inVancouver, and has won two consecutive FIBT World Championships and five Skeleton World Cups.

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ульянаDate: Thursday, 23.01.2014, 15:12 | Message # 14
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Alpine skiing is the sport of sliding down snow-covered hills on skis with fixed-heel bindings. It is also commonly known as downhill skiing, although that also incorporates different styles. It has been contested at every Winter Olympics since 1936, when a combined event was held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. 
A combined event was held for both men and women in 1936.
At the most recent Winter Olympics, events for both men and women were held in five disciplines: downhill, slalom, giant slalom (since 1952), super giant slalom (Super G) (since 1988), and combined.
The firsts champions were Franz Pfhur and Christl Cranz.
Norwegian Kjetil André Aamodt has won eight medals (four gold, two silver, two bronze), more than any other alpine skier at the Olympics. He is also the oldest alpine skier to have won a medal
There are several skiers who have 5 medals: Alberto Tomba (Italy), Vrenl Schneder (Stvitzerland), Katja Seizinger (Germany), Lasse Kjus (Norway), Bode Miller (the USA).


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zverevDate: Friday, 24.01.2014, 19:12 | Message # 15
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Snowboarding was developed in the UnitedStates in the 1960s and became a Winter Olympic Sport in 1998.Snowboarding is a winter sport that involves descending a slope that is covered with snow while standing on a board attached to a rider's feet, using a special boot set into a mounted binding. Since snowboarding's inception as anestablished winter sport, it has developed various styles, each with its own
specialized equipment and technique. The most common styles today are: freeride,freestyle, and freecarve/race.These styles are used for both recreational and professional snowboarding. While each style is unique, there is overlap between them. At the XXI Olympic Winter Games in 2010 in Vancouver (Canada) Russian athlete Ekaterina Ilyuhina won silver in the parallel giant slalom.Ekaterina Tudegesheva she
won the World Cup 2010-2011 season.

Skiing - ski race on a certain distance on aspecially prepared track among the persons of certain categories (age, gender
and so on). Refer to the cyclic sports. It is an Olympic sport since 1924. For the first time competitions in ski run atthe speed was held in Norway in 1767. Then the example of the Norwegians were followed by the Swedes and Finns, later passion for racing originated in
Central Europe. In the late 19th - early 20th centuries, in many countries there are national ski clubs. Was founded in 1924, the international ski Federation (FIS). In 2000 FIS consisted of 98 national  federation.

Figure skating   is kind of speed skating includecompetitions among women and mens in figure skating, mixed doubles in
sport dances and pairs figure skating.First this sport was include in programof the Summer Olympic Games in London in 1908.
Basic idea in pairs figure skating is tocouple the movement of couple of athletes on ice with variable slip and
performing additional elements such as jumps, spirals, rotations, supports under music. Important critetion forthe pair figure skating is the synchronicity of performance elements. Major challenge for athletes to demonstrate ownership of elements so as to create the
impression of unity of action.

Added (24.01.2014, 19:12)
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Curling was included in the program of the inaugural Winter Olympic Games in 1924 in Chamonix. Curling was a demonstration sport at the 1932. The sport  was added to the official program for the 1998 Nagano Games. Curling is a sport in which players slide stones across a sheet of ice towards a target area which is segmented into four concentric rings. The game involves two teams of four. The game consists of 10 independent periods, so-called «ends». During each end of the team in turnproduce 8 rocks. In the draw of the stone, the player proceeds from the starting block and scatters on the ice stone. The other players can use special brushes, rub the ice in front of the stone, thereby slightly tinkering his movement. After all 16 stones are scoring in theend. Only those stones that are inside the house. The team whose stone was closest to the center, is the winner of the end. She receives one point for every stone, who happened to be closer to the center than the closest to the center of the opponent's stone. Technique throw is very complicated, and the ways in which the stone is sent to the target, there are many. The winner is determined by the sum ofpoints in all ends. In case of equality of points after ten ends, assigned to
the additional period called extra-end, the winner and wins the match. Russia never won medals in Curling at theOlympic games. Their best achievement of the 6th place in 2006.

Speed skating, or speedskating, isa competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in
traveling a certain distance on skates.  The program of the Olympic Winter Gamesspeed skating men entered from the beginning, since 1924, since 1960 and held competitions among women. All races are run counter-clockwise. Inall individual competition forms, only two skaters are allowed to race at once, and must remain in their respective lanes. Skaters must change lanes every lap.
The skater changing from the outside lane to the inside has right-of-way. In the only non-individual competition form, the team pursuit, two teams of each three skaters are allowed to race at once. Both teams remain in the inner lane
for the duration of the race; they start on opposite sides of the rink. All races are run counter-clockwise on a111m track. If a skater passes inside the track, he or she is disqualified. The lead skater has right-of-way. A skater can be disqualified if they cross track
another skater by cutting off another skater while changing his or her own lane. After two false starts, the skater is disqualified. A disqualified will be given last place in their heat or final. A skater can be disqualified if he or she deliberately impedes another skater's way to slow the skater down.

The most significant and massivemultiservice competition , which shows biathlon, are the Winter Olympics .
Biathlon in its present form is presented in this competition since 1960. In biathlon used free style of skiing .The length depends on the growth ski athlete - they should not be shorter than the growth of athlete minus 4 cm , the maximum length is not limited. Minimum
width of skis - 4 cm, weight - not less than 750 grams.  Used for firing a rifle with a minimumweight of 3.5 kg , which is transported during the race on the back. Permit automatic and semi-automatic weapons . The most successful to date is Norwegianbiathlete Ole EinarBjoerndalen -six -time Olympic champion , continued his performances at international competitions - and Russian athlete Olga Zaitseva BOGALIY - Titovec ( rounded off his career in 2012 ), OlgaMedvedtseva (rounded off his career in 2010) , and Svetlana Ishmuratova.
The Russian Olympic Team has won 9 gold,4 silver, 7 bronze medals. 

Тут все

 
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